Single-action high-speed multicylinder pump



Oct. 3, 1944.

FIG

sqiiw mwxw Patented Oct. 3, 1944 SINGLE-ACTION HIGH-SPEED'MULTICYL- INDER PUMT Auguste Adelin Gustave lliiagislaris, France; vested in the Alien Property custodian- Application April 10, 1940; sea- N0. 328,949 In France May5, 1939 1 Claim. (Cl. zet -194) The present invention relates to single action high speed multi-cylinder alternating pumps for liquid and gaseous fluids.

The object of the present invention is to provide a pump of this kind which is better adapted to meet the requirements of practice than similar pumps used for the same purpose up to the present time.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pump includes a plurality of cylinders in each of which the fluid inlet ports are arranged in such manner as to be opened by the piston at the end of its admission stroke, and a valve forming the end wall of the cylinder and the diameter of which is equal or nearly equal to that of the cylinder controls the outflow of the fluid into an exhaust chamber common to all the cylinders or to awhole row of cylinders. This valve is so devised as to afford, for a relatively small lift thereof, a large section of flow, which reduces friction and gives a minimum loss of pressure. Furthermore, the valve inquestion is so devised and arranged as to reduce to a minimum or even to eliminate the piston clearance space.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the valve is of annular shape, the end wall of the cylinder being, in this case, made rigid with the cover of the exhaust chamber or with a fixed intermediate piece.

Hreferably, a single crankshaft drives the whole of the pistons of the respective cylinders of the pump and said cylinders may constitute either asingle row or a plurality of rows ar ranged in V-l'ike or star-like fashion aroundthe crankshaft.

Other features of the present invention will result from the following detailed description of some specific embodiments thereof.

Preferred embodiments of the present inven= tion will be hereinafter described, with reference to the accompanying drawing, given merely by way of example, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of a pump made according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 2 shows one-half of an end view of the pump, in section on the line IIII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of a modification of the pump.

In the drawing, reference character I designates the pump body, including three cylinders 2, mounted in line so as to form a row. Each of these cylinders cooperates with a piston 3, and

the three pistons are actuated by a crankshaft- 4 common to the three cylinders, with the interposition of connecting rods 5. The crankshaft is mounted in bearings provided in four sup ports 6 fixed to the pump body As a'matter of fact, these supports 6 may also be made rigid with the pump body.

In the pump body I, the inlet ports designated by reference character 8 open intoa cavity 1 which connects the tank of fluid to be pumped, for instance oil; Piston 3 opens these ports 8 when it comes to the end of its inlet stroke. Cavity l is constantly fed with oil through an aperture 9. In the case of an oil pump the crankshaft of which is located in a wholly closed crankcase, cavity 1 may be in communication with the inside of this crankcase, so that all the moving parts of the structure ,'such as the crankshaft,- the connecting rods, the pistons, and also their joints and their bearings, are immersed in oil.

Above the row of cylinders 2, there is provided an exhaust chamber I 0, common to the whole row of cylinders and into which said cylinders open directly. I

Between this chamber and each cylinder, there is interposed a valve II which constitutes the whole of the end wall of the cylinder. This valvebears upon a seat-l2. The lift of this valve islimited by an abutment l3 provided at the lower part of a plug M; A stirrup shelped part t5 engaged' onthe pump body I and I6 and providedwith a pressure screw I'l, keeps said plug 14 in position in a housing l8 provided in the upper wall of the exhaust chamber. This screw I-T makesit possibleto apply this plug [4* against a shoulder l9,- and the fluid tightness of the joint is insured through any suitable means either conventional or not;

Plug I4 is coaxial with cylinder 2'. Its' size is sufficient for permitting the insertion and removal of valve H and also of the corresponding piston 3;

The; weight of valve II may be suiii'cient for bringing it back onto its seat after the outflow of oil or any other fluid from the cylinder. However, a spring may be interposed between valve II and abutment I3. For instance, this spring may be a spiral spring housed in a corresponding recess provided in abutment l3 and plug I4. The use of a return device such as a spring may in particular be contemplated when, as a consequence of its position or of other local circumstances, the valve has a tendency not to come back onto its seat as exactly and quickly as it may be desirable.

'described, the pump includes a very limited number of mechanical parts in movement. During the inlet stroke of each piston, there is formed, between said piston and the corresponding valve a vacuum which, however, is not com-. plete, due to unavoidable leakage, and which, as soon as ports 8 are uncovered by the piston, produces an inflow of the fluid to be pumped into the cylinder, at a very high speed. The length of the connecting rods may be such that the working face of each piston comes as near as it is desired to the position of rest at the under face of the corresponding valve. The upper position of said working face may even be caused to ,coincide with this position, which practically eliminates the clearance space.

As the" valves are of a diameter as large as possible, a very small lifting movement thereof is sufficient for affording a very large section of flow for the escaping fluid, whereby the exhaust takes place with minimum friction and practically without loss of pressure.

For all these reasons, the pump according to my invention is especially well adapted to work at high speed and under high pressure, with a very satisfactory efficiency.

In the modification illustrated by Fig. 3, valve 2| is given the shape of an annulus of relatively small width. The seat of this valve is constituted by a conical surface l2 provided in the pump body as in the embodiment just above described and by another conical surface 22 provided in a head 23 fixed by means of a screw 24 coaxially with the plug which closes the exhaust chamber fluid, the vacuum that is formed in the cylinders during the admission stroke is not so complete as in the case of a fluid which is not compressible, since any amount of this fluid as may remain in a cylinder after the closing of the valve then expands as the piston is moving away from said valve.

When the fluid to be compressed becomes heated, it sufiices to apply cooling means of any suitable type.

Of course, the above described examples have no limitative character and apparatus can be devised which differ from these embodiments while remaining within the scope of the invention.

In particular, a single crankshaft can be used for driving the pistons of several cylinders distributed into a plurality of rows arranged in V- like or star-like fashion about the axis of said crankshaft. Such an arrangement is particulary well adapted to a good balancing of the stresses and of the moments of the moving masses.

On the other hand, it should be noted that the valves shown by the drawing are not provided this manner work perfectly well without the ad- Hl, in such manner that it is possible to arrange valve 2| between head 23 and plug 24 before their assembly.

Fluid tight contact between plug 25 and the pump body I is ensured through any suitable means. The assembly of head 23 and plug 25 is preferably effected in such manner as to permit of adjusting the height of said head by modification of the position thereof with respect to the plug,

Plug 25 is provided with an annular abutment 26 which limits the lifting movement of the valve, said abutment being provided with apertures 21 which permit free circulation of the fluid through the exhaust chamber III.

In the preceding description, it has been supposed, by way of example, that the pump is an oil pump, but the invention can be applied to all fluids, both gaseous and liquid. It goes without saying that, in the case of a compressible dition of such means. However, this does not exclude the possibility of guiding the valves through any suitable means, when necessary. a

In a general manner, while I have, in the above description, disclosed what I'deem to be practical and efficient embodiments of the present invention', it'should be well understood that I do not wish to be limitedthereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing from the principle of the present invention as comprehended within the scope of the appended claim.

What I claim is:

In a single action pump, the combination of a cylinder; an exhaust chamber integral with said cylinder and having an opening at its top; a 010-,

chamber having a beveled valve seat at its bottom edge, immediately adjacent the upper edge of the cylinder wall, the head having a beveled valve seat at its lower periphery and spaced from the other valve seat to form a port, and the valve member having beveled faces on its interior and exterior peripheries, corresponding to the beveled seats, respectively.

AUGUSTE ADELIN GUSTAVE MAGIS. 

